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In the policing of crime, state authorities increasingly rely on scientific technologies and, in particular, biotechnologies. Fingerprints, footprints and fragments of fibre have been used in the investigation and prosecution of crime since at least the end of the 19th Century. However, it is the development over the past two decades of the science and technology underpinning genetic ‘fingerprinting’ and now DNA profiling that has been the main reason for the dramatic increase in the use of bioinformation in the investigation and prosecution of crime. These biotechnologies are sometimes supplemented by other ‘biometric’ technologies that rely on the analysis of biological information such as iris scanning, voice analysis and gait analysis, and the comparison of facial images. Together, these resources have the potential to be combined to build ‘multi-modal’ identification systems. These might enable the police to link together several separate biometric and other databases. Platforms such as IDENT1 (which hosts the UK national fingerprint database, see paragraph 1.17) are already in place, which could greatly increase the power of these tools in the future by allowing linkage across databases and so facilitate the speed and efficacy of identification